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Courses/Accessible Interface Foundations/Keyboard paths and visible focus/
Exercise #1

Sequential Focus Navigation & DOM Order

Millions of people navigate digital products exclusively using a keyboard—including users with motor disabilities, tremors, power users with wrist fatigue, and screen reader users.

The Primary Mechanics:

  • Tab Key: Moves focus forward to the next interactive element.
  • Shift + Tab: Moves focus backward to the previous interactive element.
  • Enter / Space: Activates buttons, links, toggles, and checkboxes.

The Golden Law of Reading Order: Keyboard tab order is determined strictly by DOM order in the HTML, NOT visual CSS layout. If you use CSS flex-direction: row-reverse or grid-template-areas to make a button appear first visually when it is last in the DOM, a keyboard user will experience jarring, disorienting jumps across the screen.

Topics

Sequential Focus Navigation & DOM Order
The Crime of 'outline: none'
The Three Tabindex Rules: 0, -1, and Never > 0
Skip Links: Bypassing Blocks (WCAG 2.4.1)
Modal Dialogues: The Sacred Focus Trap
Escape Key Dismissal: WCAG 1.4.13 & 2.1.2
Composite Widgets: Arrow Keys vs Tab Key
Single-Page App (SPA) Route Transitions
Target Size & Spacing (WCAG 2.5.5 / 2.5.8)
Master Challenge: Auditing a Broken Modal Dialogue

From lesson

2

Keyboard paths and visible focus

Level 1 · Accessible interaction basics

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